芸術科学会論文誌 投稿用カバーシート ■ 論文種類(以下のうちから一つ選択) ・原著論文 フルペーパー ■ 論文分野(1)〜3)のうちから一つ選択) 2) 科学系分野 ■ カテゴリ(1個以上選択) a-1) CG技術(モデリング) a-3) CG技術(アニメーション) ■ 該当特集(以下のうちから一つ選択) ・一般論文 ■ 論文題名(和文、英文) Air Bubbles in Ice by Simulating Freezing Phenomenon ■ 著者名(和文、英文) Carlos MADRAZO, Takeshi TSUCHIYA, Hiroaki SAWANO, Keiichi KOYANAGI マドラソ・カルロス, 土屋 健, 澤野 弘明, 小柳 恵一 ■ 著者所属(和文、英文) Graduate School of information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Japan 早稲田大学大学院情報生産システム研究科 ■ 著者e-mail Carlos MADRAZO carlos@akane.waseda.jp ■ 連絡担当者の氏名、住所、所属、電話、Fax、e-mail Carlos MADRAZO 〒808-0135 福岡県北九州市若松区ひびきの2-7 N256 早稲田大学大学院情報生産システム研究科 Graduate School of information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Japan Tel: 093-692-5248 e-mail: carlos@akane.waseda.jp ■ 論文概要(和文400字程度、英文100ワード程度) Ice is a material that is rich in visual details. To achieve a photorealistic image that represents ice in computer graphics (CG) is a challenging issue. Ice in nature is usually not transparent because it contains bubbles. Bubbles are one of the characteristics that define the appearance of ice since they scatter light. To manually incorporate many bubbles in a CG representation would be a daunting task. In this paper we propose a physically based method for creating a geometrical representation of ice with bubbles. The phase change from liquid to solid is considered because it is during the ice formation process that bubbles nucleate in the ice-water interface and accrete in ice. The ice-water interface position is determined by a particle level set method driven by the Stefan conditions. An implicit representation is used to calculate bubble formation in the interface, considering dissolved air in water. Simulation results are compared with actual photographs to evaluate the accuracy of our method. ■ キーワード(和文5個程度、英文5個程度) Ice, Bubbles, Natural Phenomena, Computer Graphics, Physically Based Modeling, Particle Level Set Method